Section 14 Vector Operation: Mathematical Function

14.1 Arithmetic Function

Function	Explanation
round	Round to given number of decimal places
trunc	Truncate down to nearest whole number
ceiling, floor	Round values in a vector up (ceiling) or down (floor)
zapsmall	Replace values in a vector or matrix that are close to zero with 0
abs	Absolute (unsigned) value
sqrt	Square root
exp	Exponential
log, log10, log2	Log to base e, 10, and 2
sin, cos, tan	Trigonometric functions
asin, acos, atan	Inverse (arc) trigonometric functions
scale	Centering and scaling

14.2 Example 1

14.2.1 Elementwise operation on a vector

x <- c(0, 2, 4, 6)
x+5
x-5
x*4
x/2
x^2
-x
sqrt(x)
exp(x)
scale(x)

14.3 Example 2

14.3.1 Both vectors are of the same length

x <- c(0, 2, 4, 6)
y <- c(4, -2, 7, 9)
x+y
x-y
x/y
x*y
exp(x) + exp(y)
sqrt(x) + sqrt(y)

14.4 Example 3

14.4.1 The longer vector is a multiple of the shorter vector

x <- c(0, 2, 4, 6)
y <- c(4, -2)
x+y
x-y
x/y
x*y

14.5 Example 4

14.5.1 The longer vector is NOT a multiple of the shorter vector

x <- c(0, 2, 4, 6)
y <- c(4, -2, 7)
x+y
x-y
x/y
x*y